From a certain age, a dog's nutritional needs change significantly. Senior dogs — generally from 7 years of age, although this varies depending on breed and size — undergo physiological changes that directly affect how they should be fed.
An older dog is not simply an older version of themselves: their metabolism slows down, their digestive capacity may be reduced and some organ functions, such as the kidneys or liver, may start to work less efficiently. Adapting their diet at this stage is not optional; it is an essential part of their wellbeing.
At OnlyFresh you will find feeding options designed to accompany every stage of your dog's life, including maturity.
When is a dog considered senior?
The age at which a dog enters the senior stage depends mainly on their size:
- Small breeds (under 10 kg): from 10-12 years
- Medium breeds (10-25 kg): from 7-9 years
- Large breeds (over 25 kg): from 6-7 years
- Giant breeds (over 45 kg): from 5-6 years
In giant breeds, ageing occurs earlier, which means dietary changes need to be anticipated sooner than many expect.
Physiological changes that affect nutrition
Lower metabolic rate
As physical activity decreases, energy expenditure falls. Maintaining the same portions as in adulthood can lead to weight gain, which in turn worsens joint problems common in older dogs.
Changes in digestive capacity
The digestive system may become less efficient at absorbing nutrients. This does not always result in obvious symptoms, but it does mean less benefit is derived from what is eaten.
Greater renal and hepatic sensitivity
The kidneys and liver work with less margin. A diet poorly calibrated in protein or minerals can overload these organs. It is not about eliminating protein, but rather offering protein of high quality and digestibility.
Joint degeneration
Osteoarthritis is very common in senior dogs. Certain nutrients such as omega-3, hydrolysed collagen or chondroitin sulphate can help improve mobility and quality of life.
What should a senior dog's diet include?
High-quality, highly digestible protein
Contrary to popular belief, older dogs do not need less protein — they need better protein. Quality meat sources — chicken, turkey, salmon, beef — provide essential amino acids that the body needs to maintain muscle mass.
Lower caloric density
Recipes formulated for seniors tend to reduce caloric intake without sacrificing nutrients. Fewer calories, but equally balanced.
Omega-3 fatty acids
DHA and EPA, found in salmon oil and other oily fish, are particularly beneficial for cognitive function, joint health and coat quality.
Fibre and prebiotics
These promote intestinal transit and microbiome health, especially important when digestive function begins to slow down.
Lower sodium and phosphorus content
Especially if there are signs of kidney or heart disease, it is advisable to limit these minerals. Always under veterinary supervision.
Common mistakes in feeding senior dogs
- Continuing to give the same amount of food as in adulthood: this leads to almost inevitable weight gain.
- Excessively reducing protein out of fear of harming the kidneys: this is only necessary with diagnosed kidney disease.
- Ignoring gradual changes in appetite: these may indicate health problems or changes in the sense of smell.
- Not adjusting the size or texture of kibble: some senior dogs have dental difficulties that make chewing harder.
How often should an older dog eat?
There is no single answer, but in general it is recommended to maintain two daily meals. If the dog has digestive problems or is very thin, dividing the ration into three smaller meals may be considered. The important thing is to respect the total recommended amount based on their ideal weight, not their actual weight if they are overweight.
Does a senior dog need supplements?
Depending on their state of health, the vet may recommend:
- Chondroprotectors (glucosamine, chondroitin) for joints
- Concentrated omega-3
- Antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium) for oxidative stress
- Probiotics for digestive health
Not all senior dogs need them. Supplementation should be individualised and supervised.
Senior kibble, natural diet or wet food?
There is no single formula. Senior-formulated kibble is designed to meet the needs of this stage with nutritional precision and convenience. Wet food can be a good option if the dog has dental problems or a poor appetite, as it is more palatable and easier to eat. Well-formulated balanced natural diets can be very appropriate, but require more planning.
At OnlyFresh we work with brands such as Harper and Bone, Amanova and TrovetPlus, which have specific recipes for dogs in the senior stage, formulated with high-quality ingredients and a focus on joint, digestive and renal health.
