Many common foods in our daily diet can be toxic or dangerous for dogs. Knowing this complete list is essential to protect your dog's health and act quickly if they accidentally eat something they shouldn't.
Toxic foods for dogs: the most dangerous
Grapes and raisins
Grapes and raisins are highly toxic to dogs even in small amounts. They can cause acute kidney failure with vomiting, lethargy and loss of appetite. The exact responsible compound is unknown — avoid them completely.
Chocolate and cocoa
Chocolate contains theobromine, a compound dogs metabolise very slowly. It can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, restlessness, tremors, seizures and in severe cases death. Dark chocolate and pure cocoa are the most dangerous; milk chocolate is also toxic.
Onion, garlic, leek and chives
All Allium plants contain thiosulphates that damage a dog's red blood cells and can cause haemolytic anaemia. They are toxic in all forms: raw, cooked or powdered.
Xylitol
This artificial sweetener, found in chewing gum, sweets, sugar-free baked goods, peanut butter and some medicines, causes a sudden drop in blood sugar and can cause liver failure. It is one of the most dangerous toxins: always check labels.
Avocado
Avocado contains persin, a toxin that can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs. The stone also poses a serious choking risk and intestinal blockage.
Macadamia nuts
Macadamia nuts can cause weakness, hypothermia, vomiting and tremors in the hours after ingestion. They are rarely fatal but require immediate veterinary attention.
Alcohol and caffeine
Alcohol affects a dog's central nervous system far more intensely than in humans, even in small amounts. Caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks) can cause agitation, arrhythmias and seizures.
Excess salt
Too much salt can cause sodium poisoning: vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors and in severe cases brain swelling. Avoid salty snacks and processed human foods.
Cooked bones
Cooked bones (especially chicken or pork) splinter easily and can cause serious internal perforations. Only raw bones of an appropriate size are relatively safe under supervision.
Lesser-known dangerous foods
Milk and dairy products in large amounts
Adult dogs lack sufficient lactase to digest lactose. Frequent amounts can cause diarrhoea and digestive upset.
Nuts
Walnuts, almonds and pistachios are hard to digest and can cause intestinal blockages. Natural peanut butter without xylitol is generally safe in small amounts.
Raw yeast dough
Raw dough can expand in the stomach and ferment, producing alcohol. The gastric distension itself is also dangerous.
Fruit stones and seeds
Peach, plum and cherry stones contain cyanide. Apple seeds contain cyanogenic compounds: if you give your dog an apple, always remove the seeds and core.
Spices and seasonings
Nutmeg contains myristicin and is toxic to dogs. Chilli and pepper cause severe digestive irritation. Avoid any heavily spiced or seasoned food.
Signs of poisoning in dogs
If you suspect your dog has eaten something toxic, watch for these warning signs:
- Sudden vomiting or diarrhoea
- Excessive drooling
- Lethargy or unusual weakness
- Tremors or seizures
- Breathing difficulties
- Loss of balance
- Pale or yellowish gums
What to do if your dog has eaten a toxic food?
Contact your vet or an emergency service immediately. Do not induce vomiting without medical supervision, as this can sometimes make the situation worse. Bring the product label or a photo of what they ate to help with diagnosis.
What can a dog safely eat?
A balanced diet based on high-quality dry food or wet food is the safest way to ensure all necessary nutrients. In our dog food section you will find options formulated to cover all needs without risks.
